{"id":4161,"date":"2019-03-12T14:01:08","date_gmt":"2019-03-12T10:31:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/?p=4161"},"modified":"2019-06-10T13:03:52","modified_gmt":"2019-06-10T08:33:52","slug":"frp-ile-patlama-darbeye-karsi-yapilarin-guclendirilmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/strengthening-of-blast-mitigation","title":{"rendered":"FRP ile Patlama ve Darbeye Kar\u015f\u0131 Yap\u0131lar\u0131n G\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bug\u00fcn, etkin olmayan tart\u0131\u015fmalar ve patlamalara, \u00e7arpmalara ve darbelere kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n artan esnekli\u011fi ve rehabilitasyonu, \u0130ran da dahil olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ana kayg\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri. Kabul edilemez olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilecek hayati unsurlar aras\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcmet binalar\u0131, bankalar, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, askeri binalar, \u015fehir tesisleri, el\u00e7ilikler vb. Say\u0131labilir. \u0130nsan kaynakl\u0131 patlamalara ek olarak, santraldeki bir kazan\u0131n, petrokimyalar\u0131n, vb. Neden oldu\u011fu patlamalar da b\u00fcy\u00fck endi\u015fe kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda, en az\u0131ndan <a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/strengthening-of-utility-vault\">kontrol odas\u0131<\/a> gibi yap\u0131n\u0131n kritik b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin, kazadan sonra da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmesi sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, yap\u0131n\u0131n patlama ve \u00fcfleme esnekli\u011fine sahip olmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda ilerici ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k konusuna dikkat edilmesi, yap\u0131lar\u0131n patlama gibi ani y\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinin \u00f6nemini vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, mevcut yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu patlama ve darbeye kar\u015f\u0131 yeterli diren\u00e7 g\u00f6stermemektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu durumda, uzmanlar\u0131n \u00f6nerisi, patlamaya ve darbeye kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/products\/composite-systems\/cfrp-wrap\/\">FRP kompozit<\/a> katmanlar\u0131 kullanmakt\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la, duvar gibi yap\u0131sal par\u00e7alara ince filmler (yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.1 mm) polimer kompozit FRP uygulan\u0131r. FRP katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131, oryantasyonu ve bunlar\u0131n nas\u0131l do\u011fru \u015fekilde ba\u011fland\u0131klar\u0131 Arizona Yenileme \u015eirketi m\u00fchendisleri taraf\u0131ndan hesaplan\u0131r ve \u00e7izimleri ve detaylar\u0131 i\u015fveren i\u00e7in sa\u011flan\u0131r. \u0130\u015fverenin gereksinimlerine ve patlama ve etkinin ciddiyetine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, m\u00fchendislerin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 darbelere ve darbelere kar\u015f\u0131 takviye yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1651330711\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-k\u00fcma\u015f-CTech-LLC-2.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-k\u00fcma\u015f-CTech-LLC-2-640x480.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-k\u00fcma\u015f-CTech-LLC-2-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-k\u00fcma\u015f-CTech-LLC-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-k\u00fcma\u015f-CTech-LLC-2-270x203.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_1651330711 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>Patlama nedir<\/h2>\n<p>Patlama, \u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u0131s\u0131, ses ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede darbe gibi \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir enerji sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131, yap\u0131 dinamikleri \u00fczerinde \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fokun bir ba\u015fka ifadesidir. \u015eok dalgas\u0131, patlay\u0131c\u0131 y\u00fczeyinden ultrasonik h\u0131zda hareket eden bir ortama radyal dalga yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcreten y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 havadan olu\u015fur. Darbe bas\u0131nc\u0131, \u015fok dalgas\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle azal\u0131r. Dalga patlama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunan bir seviyeye veya bariyere ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, patlamadan kaynaklanan bas\u0131n\u00e7 sonu\u00e7 olarak \u00e7arp\u0131l\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan akustik dalgalar\u0131n aksine, darbeye ba\u011fl\u0131 dalgalar, \u015fok dalgas\u0131n\u0131n ultrason h\u0131z\u0131 nedeniyle 20 kata kadar y\u00fckseltilebilir. Darbe kaynakl\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n patlama ve ilerici ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkileri nedeniyle iki do\u011frudan etkisi olabilir. Patlay\u0131c\u0131 y\u00fck alt\u0131ndaki yap\u0131lar\u0131n dinamik analizleri, y\u00fcksek gerilme oranlar\u0131n\u0131n, malzemelerin do\u011frusal olmayan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, patlay\u0131c\u0131 y\u00fck hesaplamalar\u0131ndaki belirsizli\u011fin ve zamana ba\u011fl\u0131 deformasyonlar\u0131n etkileri nedeniyle \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP ile patlamaya kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/h2>\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki ko\u015fullar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yap\u0131sal elemanlar\u0131n patlaman\u0131n etkilerine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle s\u00f6z konusu yap\u0131 belirli bir konumda \u00f6nemliyse, \u00f6nemlidir. Bu nedenle, genellikle bu t\u00fcr y\u00fcklere dayanacak \u015fekilde tasarlanmam\u0131\u015f mevcut yap\u0131lar\u0131n artan patlay\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6zel bir istekdir. Yap\u0131lar\u0131n patlamaya ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131 direncini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in mevcut ve yayg\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler, \u00e7elik perde betonlar, betonarme ve \u00e7elikler gibi yeni enstr\u00fcmantasyon sistemlerinin eklenmesi yan\u0131nda, \u00e7elik ve beton ceketler gibi yerel donat\u0131lar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere en \u00f6nemli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerden biridir. Veya bile\u015fik. Bu t\u00fcr y\u00f6ntemlerin dezavantajlar\u0131ndan biri, \u00f6ncelikle yap\u0131ya ve nihayetinde temel \u00fczerine \u00f6nemli yer\u00e7ekimi y\u00fckleri empoze etmesi ve ikincisi, uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok fazla zaman gerektirmesi ve son olarak ekonomik olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu amaca ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in etkili ve nispeten ucuz bir y\u00f6ntem, FRP ile d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f polimer kompozitlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>FRP kompozitleri yap\u0131 m\u00fchendisli\u011finde yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r bina sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131, donat\u0131, restorasyon ve mevcut yap\u0131lar\u0131n sismik rekonstr\u00fcksiyonu alan\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Son on y\u0131lda, kompozitlerin en geli\u015fmi\u015f \u015fekli olan FRP malzemelerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015f olmu\u015ftur. Bir FRP kompozitindeki lifler berberin ana \u00fcyeleridir ve gerildikleri s\u00fcrece \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek diren\u00e7 ve sertlik g\u00f6sterirler.<a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/strengthening-of-concrete-structures\"> Beton yap\u0131lar\u0131<\/a> patlay\u0131c\u0131 y\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmenin yollar\u0131ndan biri, FRP kaplamalar\u0131n ortak potansiyeli olan alanlarda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. FRP bile\u015fenlerinin mahfazas\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesini artt\u0131r\u0131r ve ayr\u0131ca yap\u0131sal \u015fekli artt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>FRP kompozitleri, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, y\u00fcksek diren\u00e7leri, artan korozyon direnci ve bunlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n uygunlu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 \u00e7eli\u011fin yerine kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok kompozit, yorulmaya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir dirence sahiptir. \u00c7eli\u011fin aksine, FRP kompozitler pistonlu y\u00fckler durumunda, yani herhangi bir ar\u0131zadan \u00f6nce sertlikte azalma durumunda kademeli yumu\u015famadan muzdarip olmaz. \u00d6nemli bir avantaj olarak, <a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/products\/composite-systems\/cfrp-wrap\/\">FRP kompozitler<\/a> y\u00fcksek korozyon \u00f6nleyici dirence sahiptir. Farkl\u0131 termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle, fiberler \u00fczerinde iki y\u00f6nde hizalanma y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki ve fiberlere dik olan kompozit malzemeler, termal y\u00fckleme alt\u0131nda ortotropik olarak hareket eder ve bu nedenle termal zorlanmalara maruz kalmazlar. Ancak \u00e7elik gibi malzemelerde, \u0131s\u0131l gerilmeler nedeniyle izotropikti, ciddi hasarlar meydana gelir, bu malzemeler saha ko\u015fullar\u0131na kolayca adapte olabilir ve optimum performanslar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilir. Ayr\u0131ca, bu malzemenin kullan\u0131m\u0131, yap\u0131n\u0131n patlamaya dayanma kabiliyetini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rarak ve k\u0131r\u0131lman\u0131n etkisini azaltarak yap\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1152373286\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ig_foe_tunnelling_03_big.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"640\" height=\"364\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ig_foe_tunnelling_03_big-640x364.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ig_foe_tunnelling_03_big-640x364.jpg 640w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ig_foe_tunnelling_03_big-1024x582.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ig_foe_tunnelling_03_big-270x153.jpg 270w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ig_foe_tunnelling_03_big.jpg 1040w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_1152373286 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>FRP Kompozitlerin Patlama ve Darbeye Kar\u015f\u0131 Yap\u0131lar\u0131n G\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesindeki Avantajlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Duvarlar\u0131, d\u00f6\u015femeleri ve s\u00fctunlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme yetene\u011fi<\/li>\n<li>Yap\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n boyutlar\u0131nda minimum art\u0131\u015f (genellikle yakla\u015f\u0131k 13 mm)<\/li>\n<li>G\u00fc\u00e7lendirme i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek h\u0131z<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015flemden sonra, tabakalar a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kana kadar kaplanabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>FRP polimer kompozit tabakalar\u0131n beton yap\u0131larda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n avantajlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131sal deformasyonun, gerinmenin ve betondaki tahribat\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. FRP kompozit malzemeleri beton in\u015faat demiri \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131y\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve in\u015faat demiri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 farkl\u0131 FRP elyaflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, s\u0131ras\u0131yla karbon, cam ve aramid elyaflar\u0131 veya malzemeleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla en iyi polimer performans\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: none;\"\n    class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-valign-bottom kksr-align-right kksr-disabled\"\n    data-id=\"4161\"\n    data-slug=\"\">\n    <div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    <div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <div class=\"kksr-legend\">\n            <strong class=\"kksr-score\">5<\/strong>\n        <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\/<\/span>\n        <strong>5<\/strong>\n        <span class=\"kksr-muted\">(<\/span>\n        <strong class=\"kksr-count\">7<\/strong>\n        <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\n            votes        <\/span>\n        <span class=\"kksr-muted\">)<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Bug\u00fcn, etkin olmayan tart\u0131\u015fmalar ve patlamalara, \u00e7arpmalara ve darbelere kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n artan esnekli\u011fi ve rehabilitasyonu, \u0130ran da dahil olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ana kayg\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri. Kabul edilemez olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilecek hayati unsurlar aras\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcmet binalar\u0131, bankalar, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, askeri binalar, \u015fehir tesisleri, el\u00e7ilikler vb. Say\u0131labilir. \u0130nsan kaynakl\u0131 patlamalara ek olarak, santraldeki bir kazan\u0131n, petrokimyalar\u0131n, [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5150,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[58],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4161"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4161"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4161\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5255,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4161\/revisions\/5255"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4161"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}