{"id":3973,"date":"2019-02-06T11:07:14","date_gmt":"2019-02-06T07:37:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/?p=3973"},"modified":"2019-06-10T14:13:50","modified_gmt":"2019-06-10T09:43:50","slug":"frp-sistemlerinin-tasarimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/frp-system-design","title":{"rendered":"FRP Sistemlerinin Tasar\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tasar\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7ifte y\u00fck\u00fcne dayanacak \u015fekilde mevcut yap\u0131lar\u0131 yeniden olu\u015fturun veya yenileyin, erozyonun neden oldu\u011fu kusurlar\u0131 d\u00fczeltin, uygun malzemeler ve uygun yap\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 kullanarak yap\u0131sal esnekli\u011fi veya di\u011fer \u015feyleri artt\u0131r\u0131n. \u00c7elik kaplamalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f kaplamalar, beton veya \u00e7elik s\u00fctunlar ve harici ekstr\u00fczyon bi\u00e7iminde kullan\u0131m\u0131 bir \u00e7ok geleneksel y\u00f6ntemde mevcuttur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bina g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme end\u00fcstrisinde FRP polimer kompozit sistemlerinin kullan\u0131lma e\u011filimi \u00e7ok artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Takviye yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tasarlanmas\u0131nda ve FRP ile <a href=\"http:\/\/www.buffalo.edu\/mceer.html\">sismik yenileme<\/a> i\u015flemlerinde g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131, FRP malzemelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, tasar\u0131m kurallar\u0131na uyum i\u00e7in en uygun y\u00f6ntemlerden biridir. \u015eirket, binalar\u0131n yenilenmesi ve \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerin yap\u0131sal takviyesi konusunda uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip olup, \u0130ran&#8217;daki FRP sistemine dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k ve tasar\u0131m konusunda y\u00fcksek deneyime ve bilimsel yetene\u011fe sahiptir. \u015eirket, yap\u0131sal zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve yap\u0131sal sorunlar\u0131 ve yap\u0131m \u00e7izimlerini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irerek optimum FRP sistemleri geli\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>FRP&#8217;ler \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 esas al\u0131narak tasarlan\u0131r, bu kompozit malzemelerin yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f beton ile gerilme uyumlulu\u011funa sahip olmalar\u0131 gerekir. FRP g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme malzemelerinin bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131sal hesaplamalar ve tasar\u0131mda g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilir.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP ile takviye tasar\u0131m ilkeleri<\/h2>\n<p>FRP g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme sisteminin tasar\u0131m ilkeleri, FRP malzemelerin mekanik davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra geleneksel beton yap\u0131lar\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131 ve tasar\u0131m\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. FRP ile g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f betonarme yap\u0131lar, diren\u00e7 ve servis kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kriterlerine g\u00f6re tasarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la, \u0130ran (ABA) &#8216;n\u0131n somut kodunun y\u00fcklenme katsay\u0131lar\u0131 tasar\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Binalar\u0131n sismikli\u011fini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir FRP sistemi tasarlamak i\u00e7in, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.elsevier.com\/reinforced-plastics\">FRP g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme<\/a> hesaplamalar\u0131n\u0131n kapasitesine dayal\u0131 tasar\u0131m kurallar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmektedir.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1095045867\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-d\u00f6\u015fmelerin-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-1.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"640\" height=\"457\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-d\u00f6\u015fmelerin-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-1-640x457.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-d\u00f6\u015fmelerin-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-1-640x457.jpg 640w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-d\u00f6\u015fmelerin-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-1-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-d\u00f6\u015fmelerin-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-1-270x193.jpg 270w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-d\u00f6\u015fmelerin-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-1.jpg 1260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_1095045867 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>FRP ile takviye k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Bir FRP sistemi tasarlamak i\u00e7in, bu iyile\u015ftirme prosed\u00fcr\u00fcnde var olan k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 incelemek gerekir. K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesini ve yang\u0131n, vandalizm vb. Gibi fakt\u00f6rlerin neden oldu\u011fu FRP sistemine di\u011fer zararlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Toplamda, takviyeli olmayan yap\u0131sal elemanlar, FRP malzemelerini kurmadan, belirli bir miktarda y\u00fck direncine dayanma kabiliyetine sahiptir.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP ile g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f yap\u0131lar\u0131n toplam direnci<\/h2>\n<p>FRP sistemini kullanman\u0131n ve tasarlaman\u0131n as\u0131l amac\u0131, yap\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve \u00fcyelerin b\u00fckme ve kesmedeki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmakt\u0131r; bu da \u00e7ifte gerilme yarat\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, vak\u0131flar\u0131n kesim delme ve ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesi gibi di\u011fer kopma modlar\u0131n\u0131n FRP sisteminden etkilenmemesi sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle, yap\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00fcyelerinin, donat\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki artan y\u00fcklere dayanabilmesi gerekir. FRP sisteminin tasar\u0131m\u0131nda, FRP ile g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f \u00fcyeler i\u00e7in kesme ar\u0131zas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bir b\u00fck\u00fclme k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini analiz etmemiz gerekir.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP sistem tasar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in sismik kriterler<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/strengthening-of-structures\">Binalar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/a> ve sismik iyile\u015ftirilmesinde, yap\u0131sal donat\u0131ya en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 FRP ile kolonlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesidir. FRP sistemlerinde kolonlar\u0131n takviye edilmesi, bunlar\u0131n \u00e7evrelenmesi ve betonun bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve kopma mukavemetinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, kolon ve form aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fimin e\u011frinin kapasitesinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca yaman\u0131n uzunlu\u011funun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131yla sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bina kiri\u015flerinin veya yap\u0131sal d\u00f6\u015femelerin deprem b\u00f6lgelerinde g\u00fc\u00e7lendirildi\u011fi durumlarda, kolon ve ba\u011flant\u0131 \u00fczerinde plastik bir eklem olu\u015fturmadan FRP yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren \u00f6nlemlerin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu ama\u00e7la, kiri\u015f, kolon ve kolonun g\u00fcc\u00fc ve sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 kontrol edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0Yang\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f FRP yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc<\/h2>\n<p>FRP y\u00f6ntemleriyle harici bir kaplama veya EBR y\u00f6ntemi olarak yap\u0131lan donat\u0131 de\u011ferleri genellikle yang\u0131n y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. FRP sistemlerinde kullan\u0131lan epoksi re\u00e7inesi devreye al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra ate\u015fe maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131nda cam ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (Tg) \u00fczerindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck ve sa\u011flaml\u0131k kaybedecektir. Re\u00e7ineler ve<a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/products\/resins-coatings\/\"> FRP yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar<\/a> i\u00e7in Tg s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 genellikle 60 ila 80 derece Celsius aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu de\u011ferler a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a, yang\u0131n durumunda, FRP g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme sistemlerinin yeterli yang\u0131n dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir. FRP malzemelerinin yang\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direncini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in en uygun y\u00f6ntem FRP yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131 kaplamalarla yal\u0131tmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Tek ba\u015f\u0131na FRP malzemeleri y\u00fcksek bir yang\u0131na dayan\u0131ma sahip de\u011fildir, ancak FRP sistemleri ve betonarme yap\u0131lar\u0131n kombinasyonu ile, yap\u0131 boyunca yang\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir stabilite ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k elde etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu art\u0131\u015f, yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k fonksiyonunun sadece mevcut bir beton yap\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131 yaratan bir tasar\u0131mda yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. FRP ile g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f betonarme yap\u0131lar\u0131n yang\u0131na dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek i\u00e7in, \u00e7elik teslim direncindeki d\u00fc\u015fme ve yang\u0131ndan kaynaklanan betonun bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle beton yap\u0131lar\u0131n tolerans\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>FRP ile g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f betonarme elemanlar i\u00e7in ACI 216R kurallar\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice inceleyerek, FRP donat\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n donat\u0131 yap\u0131n\u0131n donmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00c7eli\u011fin ve betonun yang\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direncini azaltmak ve \u00fcyenin toplam dayan\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koymak i\u00e7in \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmelidir, FRP&#8217;nin direncini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmek gerekir. FRP ile g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f yap\u0131lar\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc y\u00fckleri ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar alt\u0131ndaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, istenen dayan\u0131m tahmini dayan\u0131mla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>FRP sistemlerinin ve FRP kompozitlerin dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zel ve ileri re\u00e7inelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 veya uygun kaplamalarla korunmas\u0131 suretiyle artt\u0131r\u0131labilir. FRP re\u00e7ine sisteminin yang\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (esnekli\u011fini) hesaplamak i\u00e7in, FRP sisteminin yang\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direnci (bu, re\u00e7inelerin cam ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken zaman) \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmelidir. ASTM E119&#8217;da, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yang\u0131n i\u00e7in (s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve zaman dahil) laboratuvar ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in gerekli \u015fartlar ve rehberlik sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00a0Yap\u0131sal Tasar\u0131m i\u00e7in FRP Sisteminin Se\u00e7ilmesinde \u00c7evresel Konular<\/h3>\n<p>FRP donat\u0131 sistemlerindeki re\u00e7inelerin ve liflerin mekanik \u00f6zellikleri \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131ndaki di\u011fer yap\u0131lara benzer ve asidik alkali ortamlara, suya, kimyasallara, ultraviyole UV&#8217;ye, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klara ve Y\u00fcksek nem, direnci azalt\u0131r. FRP malzemelerinin g\u00fcc\u00fcndeki bu azalma tasar\u0131mda dan\u0131\u015fmanlar ve FRP hesaplamalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eimdi yukar\u0131da belirtilen fakt\u00f6rlerin her birinin FRP direnci \u00fczerindeki etkisini incelemekteyiz:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Alkalin veya asidik ortamda FRP&#8217;nin direnci: Asitli ve alkali ortamlarda FRP sisteminin direnci ve davran\u0131\u015f\u0131, mevcut re\u00e7inelere ve elyaflara ba\u011fl\u0131 olma e\u011filimindedir. Tek ba\u015f\u0131na karbon elyaflar\u0131 asitlere ve alkali ortamlara kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7lidir. Cam elyaf bu fakt\u00f6rlere kar\u015f\u0131 nispeten hassast\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, uygun bir re\u00e7inenin se\u00e7imi bu ajanlar\u0131n elyaflar \u00fczerindeki etkisini koruyabilir. Bu durumda kullan\u0131lan FRP kompozitler aside dayan\u0131kl\u0131 re\u00e7ine ve alkali ortamdan yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Genel olarak, sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ortamlarda ve y\u00fcksek nem i\u00e7eri\u011finde karbon fiber kullanmak daha iyidir.<\/li>\n<li>Termal genle\u015fme: FRP kompozit re\u00e7inenin ve re\u00e7inenin termal genle\u015fme \u00f6zellikleri de\u011fi\u015fir ve farkl\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda de\u011fi\u015febilir. Cam lifi, betona yak\u0131n bir termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131na sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, FRP g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme sistemlerinde kullan\u0131lan re\u00e7ineler genellikle beton genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f kat\u0131 bir termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131na sahiptir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar, FPP&#8217;lerin temel yeteneklerine kar\u015f\u0131 ciddi bir kusur de\u011fildir ve bu \u00f6nemli bir sorun de\u011fildir. 345&#8217;teki (FRP G\u00fc\u00e7lendirme Malzemelerini Kullanarak<a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/strengthening-of-concrete-structures\"> Beton Binalar\u0131n<\/a> Geli\u015ftirilmesi \u0130\u00e7in Tasar\u0131m K\u0131lavuzu ve Uygulama Prosed\u00fcrleri) y\u00f6nergelerine g\u00f6re, FRP ve beton malzemelerdeki termal genle\u015fme aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n, 28- + 28 \u00b0 C s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki yap\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na etkisi vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>FRP malzemelerin elektrik iletkenli\u011fi: Cam lifi ve Kevlar-Aramid elektriksel yal\u0131tkand\u0131r, ancak karbon fiber elektriksel bir iletkendir.<\/li>\n<li>Karbon fiberden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f FRP malzemeler: takviye i\u015fleminde, \u00e7eli\u011fin elektro-kimyasal korozyonunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7elikle do\u011frudan temas etmemelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1135722183\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/\u00c7elik-boru-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/\u00c7elik-boru-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-640x480.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/\u00c7elik-boru-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/\u00c7elik-boru-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/\u00c7elik-boru-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-270x203.jpg 270w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/\u00c7elik-boru-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC.jpg 1066w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_1135722183 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>FRP y\u00fckleme<\/h2>\n<p>FRP sistemleri, farkl\u0131 y\u00fckleme ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ve kullan\u0131lan liflerde farkl\u0131 davran\u0131r. Bu nedenle, FRP sisteminin, verilen ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda sistemin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgilere dayanarak se\u00e7ilmesi gerekir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6nemli y\u00fcklemeler i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli hususlar verilmi\u015ftir. FRP malzemeleriyle ilgili di\u011fer bilgiler ve teknik \u00f6zellikler, \u015firketin \u00fcr\u00fcn geli\u015ftirme b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP Darbe Dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Aramid ve cam fiberlerden yap\u0131lan kompozitler, FRP ile g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f karbon fiber sistemler \u00fczerindeki darbelere kar\u015f\u0131 iyi bir dirence sahiptir.<\/p>\n<h3>FRP S\u00fcr\u00fcnme ve yorulmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u0131rt\u0131lma<\/h3>\n<p>S\u00fcrekli ve s\u00fcrekli y\u00fckler alt\u0131nda, karbon fiberli FRP sistemleri dalgal\u0131 ve pistonlu y\u00fckler alt\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fcnme kopmas\u0131 ve yorulma ar\u0131zas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 iyi bir dirence sahiptir. <a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/glass-fiber\/\">Cam elyafl\u0131<\/a> FRP sistemleri her iki y\u00fckleme ko\u015fuluna da daha duyarl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP Dayan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>FRP donat\u0131 sistemi s\u0131cak ve so\u011fuk d\u00f6nemlere, alkali ortamlara dald\u0131rma, donma ve erime s\u00fcrelerine ve ultraviyole radyasyona maruz kalmaya dayanabilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Tamamen beton koruyucu kaplamalarla kapl\u0131 FRP sistemleri donma ve erime etkileri, \u00e7eli\u011fin korozyonu, agregalar\u0131n alkali ve silikat reaksiyonlar\u0131, su yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131, buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve bula\u015fma Islak buhar, diren\u00e7 i\u00e7in test edilmi\u015f ve test edilmi\u015ftir. Elbette \u00e7o\u011fu FRP sisteminin, beton ve di\u011fer y\u00fczeylerin y\u00fczeyinde neme ve di\u011fer \u00e7evresel ko\u015fullara kar\u015f\u0131 ge\u00e7irimsiz bir tabaka olu\u015fturdu\u011funa dikkat edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP koruyucu kaplama<\/h2>\n<p>FRP&#8217;nin mekanik \u00f6zelliklerinin azalmas\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in koruyucu kaplamalar kullan\u0131labilir. FRP kaplaman\u0131n kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tipi, \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlere (nem, korozyon ko\u015fullar\u0131, tuzlu su, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar, yang\u0131n, darbe ve ultraviyole \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 gibi) dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>FRP sistemlerinde fiberler \u00fczerindeki y\u00fcksek re\u00e7ineli kaplamalar onlar\u0131 hasarlardan, \u00e7izilmelerden veya \u00e7izilmelerden koruma e\u011filimindedir. \u00c7arp\u0131\u015fma veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 trafik s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 riski bulunan alanlarda, koruyucu bir katman\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la \u00e7imento veya polimer bazl\u0131 kaplamalar kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>FRP Tasar\u0131m\u0131nda Malzeme \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n<p>FRP sistem tasar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u00f6zellikler ve \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131, elastikiyet mod\u00fcl\u00fc, nihai kopma y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131, vb. Gibi FRP agrega elyaflar\u0131 ve re\u00e7ineleri i\u00e7in yap\u0131sal hesaplamalar.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP ile E\u011filme Takviyesi<\/h2>\n<p>FRP malzemelerinin betonun gerilme b\u00f6lgesinde, lifleri do\u011frultusunda bir b\u00fck\u00fclme eleman\u0131n\u0131n uzunlamas\u0131na do\u011frultuda yerle\u015ftirilmesi, s\u00f6z konusu \u00fcyenin b\u00fck\u00fclme mukavemetini artt\u0131r\u0131r. \u00d6zetle, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki varsay\u0131mlar, betonarme b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin FRP malzemelerle birlikte b\u00fck\u00fclme takviyesinin tasar\u0131m\u0131nda ve hesaplanmas\u0131nda ge\u00e7erlidir. FRP sistemi i\u00e7in tasar\u0131m varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 ACI 4402R-2008 ve 345 yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<h3>FRP sistem tasar\u0131m\u0131nda b\u00fck\u00fclme varsay\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>FRP sistem tasar\u0131m\u0131 hesaplamalar\u0131, \u00fcyelerin ger\u00e7ek boyutlar\u0131na, direklerin monte edilme \u015fekillerine ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f \u00fcyelerin malzemelerinin \u00f6zelliklerine dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>FRP sisteminin tasar\u0131m hesaplamalar\u0131nda, kesit \u015feklinin y\u00fckleme \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131nda sabit kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, beton ve FRP malzemelerindeki gerilme, n\u00f6tr eksene olan uzakl\u0131klar\u0131yla orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r ve y\u00fckleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda FRP ile beton aras\u0131nda g\u00f6receli bir kayma meydana gelmez.<\/p>\n<p>FRP sistem tasar\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili di\u011fer varsay\u0131mlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Yap\u0131\u015fkan katmandaki kayma deformasyonu, \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ihmal edilir ve s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma su\u015fu 0\/003 maksimum beton olarak kabul edilir.<\/li>\n<li>Betonun gerilme mukavemetinin s\u0131f\u0131r oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Gerilme e\u011frisi &#8211; FRP su\u015fu k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce do\u011frusal olarak elastiktir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>FRP kayma dayan\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirildi<\/h2>\n<p>FRP sistemlerinin b\u00fckme eleman\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, eleman\u0131n enine kesitsel b\u00fck\u00fclme mukavemetini artt\u0131rma ile ili\u015fkili kesme kuvvetine sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. Kesimin kayma kapasitesini kontrol ettikten sonra ilave bir diren\u00e7 gerekiyorsa, FRP malzemelerinin enine kesit alan\u0131 \u00fczerine enine bir \u015fekilde monte edilmesi ve uygulanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP Betonun Alt Gerilmesi<\/h2>\n<p>FRP&#8217;nin kurulumundan ve uygulanmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce kiri\u015fler ve d\u00f6\u015femeler \u00fczerindeki y\u00fckler ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar ile herhangi bir \u00f6n gerilim kuvvetinin \u00fcyeden ayr\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, beton \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131ndaki ilk gerilme FRP sisteminin tasar\u0131m\u0131nda g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk t\u00fcr, FRP&#8217;de bulunan t\u00fcrden ayr\u0131l\u0131r ve elastik analiz kullan\u0131larak belirlenir ve FRP&#8217;nin kurulumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda al\u0131nan t\u00fcm y\u00fckler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulur. Kodlar\u0131n tavsiyelerine g\u00f6re, analizin k\u0131r\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerine dayanmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1708477152\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-onarimi-CTech-LLC-2-1280x533.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"640\" height=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-onarimi-CTech-LLC-2-640x267.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-onarimi-CTech-LLC-2-640x267.jpg 640w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-onarimi-CTech-LLC-2-1024x427.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-onarimi-CTech-LLC-2-1280x533.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-onarimi-CTech-LLC-2-270x113.jpg 270w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-onarimi-CTech-LLC-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_1708477152 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>FRP Malzemelerinin Gerilmesi<\/h2>\n<p>FRP malzemeleri k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce do\u011frusal elastik davran\u0131\u015f sergilerler, bu nedenle FRP su\u015fu ayr\u0131ca FRP taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan gerilimi temsil eder. Bu nedenle, son s\u0131n\u0131r durumundaki FRP su\u015fu derecesinin belirlenmesi \u00f6nemlidir. FRP malzemesinde \u00fcretilen maksimum e\u011frilik, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir betonun k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya FRP&#8217;nin k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktada FRP su\u015fu miktar\u0131ndan elde edilir.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP Tasar\u0131m\u0131nda G\u00fcvenlik katsay\u0131lar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>FRP sisteminin tasar\u0131m s\u00fcrecinde, \u00e7evresel bozulma katsay\u0131lar\u0131 ve bile\u015fen g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri 345 yay\u0131n\u0131ndan veya ACI 4402R-2008&#8217;den elde edilir. \u0130ran Abha&#8217;n\u0131n somut d\u00fczenlemelerinde belirtilen kurallara g\u00f6re, \u00e7elik ve beton malzemelerin emniyetine ait k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck katsay\u0131lar da elde edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP Agregalar\u0131nda Etkili Gerilmeler<\/h2>\n<p>FRP sistemlerinde etkili gerilme, FRP&#8217;deki enine kesitin b\u00fck\u00fclme hatas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce olu\u015fturulabilecek maksimum gerilimdir. FRP materyalleri \u00fczerindeki etkili gerilmeler, tam elastik davran\u0131\u015flar varsay\u0131larak FRP su\u015fu y\u00fczeyinden hesaplanabilir.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP B\u00fck\u00fclme Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k Durumlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>FRP ile g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f bir kesitin e\u011filme dayan\u0131m\u0131, ar\u0131za modlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in, bir kesit i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki e\u011filme ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k durumlar\u0131 gereklidir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c7elik sel \u00f6ncesi bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 betonun y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7ekme \u00e7eli\u011finin akmas\u0131ndan sonra FRP tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7ekme \u00e7eli\u011fi d\u00f6k\u00fclmesinden sonra bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 betonun y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Germe i\u015fleminde beton y\u00fczeyden FRP ayr\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Beton kaplaman\u0131n \u00e7ekme veya kesme y\u00fczeylerinde ayr\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>FRP Kesme takviyesi<\/h2>\n<p>FRP takviyesinde ve burulma takviyesinde, FRP levhalar\u0131 kiri\u015fin yan taraflar\u0131na monte edilir, burada lifler kiri\u015fin uzunlamas\u0131na eksenine dik veya \u00e7apraz olarak y\u00f6nlendirilir. U-\u015fekilli U-\u015fekilli basamaklar i\u00e7in, FRP elyaflar\u0131, yan\u0131n iki taraf\u0131na ve kiri\u015fin alt\u0131na s\u00fcrekli olarak tutturulur ve bu, FRP b\u00fck\u00fclme amplifikasyonunun inhibisyonunu artt\u0131r\u0131r. U \u015feklindeki mente\u015feleri sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in mekanik k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar da kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>FRP plakalar\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011funun kiri\u015fin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, betonun dayan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir ve iyi kalitede olmas\u0131 gerekir. Beton y\u00fczey FRP sisteminin gerekliliklerine uygun olmal\u0131 ve gerekiyorsa restore edilmelidir. FRP basamaklar\u0131n\u0131n kiri\u015fin kenarlar\u0131ndaki gerilme konsantrasyonundan dolay\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, bu kenarlar ve k\u00f6\u015feler en az 3,5 cm&#8217;lik bir yar\u0131\u00e7apa yuvarlat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP ile burulma Takviyesi<\/h2>\n<p>Farkl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin burkulma kapasitesinin FRP ile takviye edilmesi \u00e7evre taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131labilir ve hesaplanmas\u0131, FRP&#8217;lerin kayma takviyesi ile hafif bir farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sahiptir. Kayma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131na benzer \u015fekilde dikd\u00f6rtgen kesitlerde burulma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131. En b\u00fcy\u00fck fark, T\u00fcrkiye modelindeki kayma ve burulma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u0131rt\u0131k \u00e7atlaklar, e\u011fik ve e\u011fik kesme \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 gibidir; fark, \u00fcyenin \u00f6n\u00fcne dizilmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 ve bir spiral d\u00fczenini takip etmeleridir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ekme takviyesi i\u015fleminde, liflerin \u00fcyeleri, FRP liflerini a a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcye ekseni ile ayn\u0131 hizaya getirdiklerinde, \u00fcye g\u00f6vdesindeki g\u00f6vdelerin olu\u015fumunu \u00f6nlerler, ancak di\u011fer taraftan tamamen etkisizdirler. Bu y\u00fczden dikkatlice d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi gerekiyor. FRP lifleri, eleman\u0131n burulma mukavemetini, kesit alan\u0131 \u00e7evresinde tamamen \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda artt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1744796374\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-kolonlar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-4.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-kolonlar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-4-640x480.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-kolonlar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-4-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-kolonlar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-4-270x203.jpg 270w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-kolonlar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-4.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_1744796374 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>FRP ile s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma \u00fcyelerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme<\/h2>\n<p>S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n FRP malzemeleri ile kaplanmas\u0131 ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131racakt\u0131r. FRP kaps\u00fclleme ayr\u0131ca, eleman\u0131n sertli\u011fini, eksenel ve b\u00fck\u00fclme kuvvetleri ile birlikte artt\u0131r\u0131r. S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 FRP levhalarla g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in, elyaflar\u0131n uzunlamas\u0131na eleman\u0131n uzunlamas\u0131na eksenine dik olmas\u0131 gerekir. FRP ku\u015fat\u0131c\u0131 elyaflar\u0131 kapal\u0131 veya spiral ufalanm\u0131\u015f gibi davran\u0131r ve kolonun ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fini s\u0131n\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>FRP kolonunun g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi veya yeniden y\u00fczeylenmesi probleminde, deprem titre\u015fim y\u00fcklerinin etkisinde enerji emilimi ve girdap emme kapasitesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. FRP tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n kolon boyunca uzat\u0131lmas\u0131yla, kolonun b\u00fck\u00fclme mukavemeti de artt\u0131r\u0131labilir, ancak bu, kolonlar\u0131n esnekli\u011fini artt\u0131rmaz ve sadece yatay FRP elyaflar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillendirilebilirli\u011fini artt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Dikd\u00f6rtgen kolondaki FRP takviyeli kolonlar\u0131n kapasitesindeki art\u0131\u015f, yuvarlak kolondan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc FRP malzemesinin kapatma bas\u0131nc\u0131 dikd\u00f6rtgen kolonlarda daha dard\u0131r. FRP taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f s\u00fctunlardaki nihai eksenel gerginli\u011fin, \u00e7evrelenmemi\u015f s\u00fctunlardan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu belirtilmelidir. Daha sonra boyuna oluklardaki gerilme teslim olma oran\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, FRP kompozit kolonunun takviye s\u00fcrecinde, ilk \u00f6nce k\u0131sa s\u00fctun olarak tan\u0131mlanan bir kolon, artan y\u00fck kapasitesi nedeniyle zay\u0131f bir kolon olarak kabul edilebilir.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: none;\"\n    class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-valign-bottom kksr-align-right kksr-disabled\"\n    data-id=\"3973\"\n    data-slug=\"\">\n    <div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    <div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <div class=\"kksr-legend\">\n            <strong class=\"kksr-score\">5<\/strong>\n        <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\/<\/span>\n        <strong>5<\/strong>\n        <span class=\"kksr-muted\">(<\/span>\n        <strong class=\"kksr-count\">7<\/strong>\n        <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\n            votes        <\/span>\n        <span class=\"kksr-muted\">)<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Tasar\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7ifte y\u00fck\u00fcne dayanacak \u015fekilde mevcut yap\u0131lar\u0131 yeniden olu\u015fturun veya yenileyin, erozyonun neden oldu\u011fu kusurlar\u0131 d\u00fczeltin, uygun malzemeler ve uygun yap\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 kullanarak yap\u0131sal esnekli\u011fi veya di\u011fer \u015feyleri artt\u0131r\u0131n. \u00c7elik kaplamalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f kaplamalar, beton veya \u00e7elik s\u00fctunlar ve harici ekstr\u00fczyon bi\u00e7iminde kullan\u0131m\u0131 bir \u00e7ok geleneksel y\u00f6ntemde mevcuttur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bina g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme end\u00fcstrisinde FRP polimer kompozit [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5275,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[58],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3973"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3973"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3973\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5172,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3973\/revisions\/5172"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}