{"id":3831,"date":"2019-01-06T15:43:49","date_gmt":"2019-01-06T12:13:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/?p=3831"},"modified":"2019-06-10T12:17:58","modified_gmt":"2019-06-10T07:47:58","slug":"bina-guclendirmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/building-strengthening","title":{"rendered":"Bina G\u00fc\u00e7lendirmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>Modern g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme y\u00f6ntemleri<\/h2>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, binalar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve end\u00fcstriyel, <a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/applications\/retrofitting-of-oil-gas-and-petroleum\">petrol, gaz<\/a>, deniz yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n onar\u0131m\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi i\u00e7in uygun bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmak &#8230; Mevcut yap\u0131lar\u0131n yeni yap\u0131larla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi s\u0131k s\u0131k ekonomik olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir, ayn\u0131 zamanda faaliyetlerin durdurulmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Hayati yap\u0131lar olarak kabul edilmeyen bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahiptir. Yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde yeniden yap\u0131lanma yolunun yanl\u0131\u015f se\u00e7imi, yap\u0131sal performans\u0131 daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirebilir. Yeni bir yap\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, mevcut yap\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve binalar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, cihaz\u0131n durumu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve hatta yap\u0131larda ve binalarda g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi gereken alanlara her zaman eri\u015fime sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in daha da karma\u015f\u0131k olabilir. Basit ve kolay, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0Binalar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri<\/h2>\n<p>Bir yap\u0131da, her birinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na<a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/building-strengthening\"> binay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme<\/a> ve iyile\u015ftirme i\u00e7in bize gereksinim duymas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rler vard\u0131r. Bu fakt\u00f6rlerin her birine bakaca\u011f\u0131z:<\/p>\n<h3>eski kodlar ge\u00e7erli de\u011fil<\/h3>\n<p>Uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r in\u015fa edilmi\u015f binalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, \u015fu anda iptal edilen ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sismik rehabilitasyon ve iyile\u015ftirme gerektiren d\u00fczenlemelere ve d\u00fczenlemelere uygun olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ve in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn dikkat edilmesi gereken bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli nokta, ge\u00e7mi\u015f depremlerin incelenmesidir. Bu eylem, \u0130ran gibi sismik bir b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan, birka\u00e7 kez bizim i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir ve sismik bir rehabilitasyon ve iyile\u015ftirme plan\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1345515037\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-yap\u0131larin-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-3-1280x730.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"640\" height=\"365\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-yap\u0131larin-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-3-640x365.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-yap\u0131larin-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-3-640x365.jpg 640w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-yap\u0131larin-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-3-1024x584.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-yap\u0131larin-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-3-1280x730.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-yap\u0131larin-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-3-270x154.jpg 270w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-yap\u0131larin-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-3.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_1345515037 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h3>\u00a0<\/h3>\n<h3>Tasar\u0131m ve uygulama hatalar\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>Bir bina iyile\u015ftirme \u015femas\u0131 yapmam\u0131z\u0131 gerektiren bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r, hesaplama ve in\u015faat a\u015famas\u0131nda hatalar\u0131n ve hatalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sorunlar\u0131n deprem durumunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011fu durumda binalar\u0131 tahrip etmesi ve tahrip etmesi daha olas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu hatalar aras\u0131nda betonarme yap\u0131larda \u015fekillendirme, takviye, betonlama, kal\u0131plama ve &#8230; ve kaynak hatalar\u0131, vidalar, ba\u011flant\u0131 plakalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve &#8230; \u00e7elik binalarda bulunur. Ayr\u0131ca, ge\u00e7mi\u015f depremlerden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan en yayg\u0131n olaylardan ve olaylardan biri, tasar\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n ve uygulay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ihmalini g\u00f6steren binalarda yumu\u015fak zeminlerin olu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0Bina G\u00fc\u00e7lendirme Hedefleri<\/h2>\n<p>G\u00fc\u00e7lendirme ve sismik iyile\u015ftirmenin en \u00f6nemli ama\u00e7lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>En hafif hasar ve y\u0131k\u0131m olmadan yap\u0131n\u0131n hafif depremlere kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Yap\u0131n\u0131n, yap\u0131 bile\u015fenlerinde en az hasar ve y\u0131k\u0131ma neden olan \u015fiddetli ve \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli depremlere kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131m\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>G\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi gereken binalar<\/h3>\n<p>Mevcut binalardaki ortak kullan\u0131m t\u00fcrlerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak, bunlar\u0131 ilk \u00f6nce \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kategoriye uyarlaman\u0131n \u00f6neminin buna g\u00f6re azalt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 genel kategoriye ay\u0131r\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk kategori depremden sonra, hastaneler, sa\u011fl\u0131k merkezleri, telekom\u00fcnikasyon istasyonlar\u0131 ve &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci kategori, ticaret merkezleri, ofisler, kuleler gibi kitlesel n\u00fcfusu nedeniyle deprem durumunda bir\u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olacak binalar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kategori ayr\u0131ca evler gibi geleneksel binalar\u0131 da i\u00e7erir. Kullan\u0131m ve hizmet t\u00fcr\u00fc nedeniyle, birinci bina kategorisinde g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme ihtiyac\u0131, s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc grupta g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde hissedilmekte ve azalt\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Farkl\u0131 bina tiplerinin \u00f6nemine a\u015fina olduktan sonra, g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme y\u00f6nteminin se\u00e7imi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulur ve binalar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ama\u00e7lar\u0131 arar\u0131z:<\/p>\n<h4>Binadaki deprem etkisinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h4>\n<p>T\u00fcm deprem ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, depremin bina \u00fczerindeki etkisi binan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile do\u011frudan ili\u015fkili olup, deprem kuvveti olu\u015fturma a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131yla da azalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4>Yap\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmak<\/h4>\n<p>Kiri\u015f, direk, dirsek, derz vb.<a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/applications\"> Elemanlar\u0131n direncini art\u0131rarak<\/a> veya binaya \u00e7ak\u0131l ve yan g\u00f6zenekli elemanlar ekleyerek binan\u0131n dayan\u0131m\u0131, binadaki b\u00fcy\u00fck depreme neden olan kuvvetlere kar\u015f\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131labilir, b\u00f6ylece Kontrol binas\u0131<\/p>\n<p>Bina a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, binalar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda kolay m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, binalar\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayb\u0131 stratejisinden \u00e7ok daha elveri\u015fli olan elemanlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn iyile\u015ftirilmesi tercih edilir. Tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>Yap\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, bu metotlar\u0131n modern metot ve malzemeler ile iki genel bina tadilat ve tadilat metotlar\u0131na ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Beton ve \u00e7elik ceketlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131, beton ve \u00e7elik perde duvarlar\u0131n eklenmesi, deklan\u015f\u00f6r, takviye takviyesi, yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7elik sac ve plakalar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, in\u015faat demiri dikimi, \u00f6n gerdirme kullan\u0131m\u0131, vb. Bina d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/p>\n<p>Modern tadilat olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan binan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesine y\u00f6nelik di\u011fer bir genel yakla\u015f\u0131m, FRP&#8217;ye uyarlama, amortis\u00f6rler ve sismik ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 23.04px;\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n<p>Toplumun in\u015fa ve bar\u0131nma konusundaki muazzam ve gittik\u00e7e artan ihtiyac\u0131 ve in\u015faat, tasar\u0131m, kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatmak ve ayr\u0131ca beton ve \u00e7elik yap\u0131 ve binalar\u0131 depremlere kar\u015f\u0131 daha fazla g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in yeni y\u00f6ntemler ve malzemeler kullanma zorunlulu\u011fu Bu, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sismik yeniden yap\u0131lanma ve depremlere kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da ar\u0131tma \u015firketinin faaliyet g\u00f6stermesine neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Sismik yenileme ve <a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/strengthening-of-structures\">binalar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinin<\/a> amac\u0131, yap\u0131sal bile\u015fenlerin performans\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Takviye, yeniden yap\u0131lanmadan \u00f6nce tamamen y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclemeyen bir yap\u0131daki g\u00f6revleri veya g\u00f6revleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilen bir ara\u00e7 setidir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_334460049\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/saertex_imagebroschuere_0111_WEB.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Pro-DC.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"640\" height=\"963\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/saertex_imagebroschuere_0111_WEB.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Pro-DC-640x963.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/saertex_imagebroschuere_0111_WEB.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Pro-DC-640x963.jpg 640w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/saertex_imagebroschuere_0111_WEB.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Pro-DC-270x406.jpg 270w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/saertex_imagebroschuere_0111_WEB.pdf-Adobe-Acrobat-Pro-DC.jpg 763w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_334460049 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>\u0130n\u015faat m\u00fchendisli\u011fi biliminde<\/h3>\n<p>bir yap\u0131n\u0131n ilgili kuvvetlere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu terim deprem kuvvetleri i\u00e7in daha s\u0131k kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bilimsel bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re, g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme bu ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in tamamen do\u011fru de\u011fildir. &#8220;Diren\u00e7&#8221; terimi, depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131rma ama\u00e7l\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bile\u015fenlerin deprem kuvvetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 performans\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, &#8220;yenileme&#8221; ve \u00f6zel olarak deprem kuvvetleri i\u00e7in &#8220;sismik yeniden yap\u0131lanma&#8221; terimi daha do\u011fru bir terimdir.<\/p>\n<p>Bilimin yap\u0131 m\u00fchendisli\u011fi ve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.elsevier.com\/engineering-structures\">deprem m\u00fchendisli\u011fi<\/a> alan\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrekli hareketi, son y\u0131llarda binalar\u0131n ve yap\u0131lar\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi i\u00e7in modern tekniklerin ve yeni malzemelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.Bu teknolojiler aras\u0131nda, FRP (elyafl\u0131 takviyeli polimer kompozit malzemeler) ) Baz\u0131 uzmanlara g\u00f6re, FRP&#8217;nin yap\u0131 firmalar\u0131 ve in\u015faat m\u00fchendisleri ile g\u00fc\u00e7lendirici \u015firketler (Strongtie ve Elder) i\u00e7in yeni bir konsept ortaya koyan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Biny\u0131l Bile\u015feni olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yeni bir yap\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131na k\u0131yasla, mevcut yap\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi daha da karma\u015f\u0131k olabilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yap\u0131sal ko\u015fullar zaten kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, yap\u0131sal takviye gerektiren alanlara eri\u015fmek kolay de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>Binalar\u0131n depremlere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve \u00e7e\u015fitli silahl\u0131 kaplamalar (\u00e7elik ceketler ve beton ceketler gibi) gibi \u00f6l\u00fc ve yer\u00e7ekimi \u00e7ak\u0131l y\u00fcklerine kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan geleneksel teknikler; Yap\u0131sal ciltli levhalar ve levhalar genellikle \u00e7ok fazla alan gerektirir ve genellikle \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu konuda gereken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, \u00f6zellikle yap\u0131sal k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin etme ve tahmin etmenin nedenleri ve mevcut binan\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu mevcut y\u00fckleme ve s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme y\u00f6netmeliklerinin gerekliliklerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi i\u00e7in bir stratejinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Deprem yok ve \u015firketin en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revlerinden biri de y\u00fckseltme.<\/p>\n<p>De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ama\u00e7lanan binalar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek veya yap\u0131sal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n artmas\u0131 beklenir, ya\u015fam y\u00fckleri, yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nem katsay\u0131s\u0131, bina performans seviyesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yap\u0131y\u0131 yeniden tasarlama ve seviyeyi belirleme ihtiyac\u0131 nedeniyle de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fine dikkat edilmelidir. Performans\u0131 \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan kesin olarak desteklenmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, <a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/applications\/structural-elements\/structural-connections\/\">yap\u0131sal elemanlar\u0131<\/a> oluklu kiri\u015flere, s\u00fctunlara ve tavanlara benzeyen binalar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi veya yap\u0131sal zay\u0131fl\u0131klar, beton yap\u0131lardaki veya \u00e7atlaklardaki \u00e7atlaklar ve elemanlardaki bozulma ve tahribat nedeniyle olu\u015fan binalar ve \u00c7elik yap\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131, firma taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan takviye y\u00f6ntemleri ile peki\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Uygun olmayan kalite ve yanl\u0131\u015f montaj, betonarme yap\u0131larda yap\u0131sal bile\u015fenlere tam olarak yanl\u0131\u015f montaj, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck beton mukavemeti ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yeti\u015ftirilen malzemelerin beton yap\u0131larda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi in\u015faat hatalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131sal zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011fa neden olan binalar \u00c7elik yap\u0131lar\u0131n donat\u0131 ve yetersiz ve kabul edilemez bir \u015fekilde kaynaklanmas\u0131 farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle de yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<h2>Klasik y\u00f6ntemler kullanarak rezonans<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scimagojr.com\/journalsearch.php?q=28423&amp;tip=sid&amp;clean=0\">\u00c7elik yap\u0131lar\u0131n<\/a> ve betonarme yap\u0131lar\u0131n geleneksel g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme ve y\u00fckseltme y\u00f6ntemleri, yap\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n konvansiyonel veya trapez \u00e7elikle d\u0131\u015f takviye edilmesini, betonarme ve p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme beton ile betonarme kesitin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve prefabrik par\u00e7alar\u0131n ve \u00e7elik saclar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesini i\u00e7erebilir.<\/p>\n<h3>Kiri\u015f, kolon ve temelin artan boyutlar\u0131 (beton veya metal kaplama)<\/h3>\n<p>Beton veya \u00e7elik k\u0131l\u0131flar kullan\u0131larak elemanlar\u0131n ve beton bile\u015fenlerin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, kaymay\u0131 art\u0131rabilir ve ayr\u0131ca betonun ve takviyenin sertli\u011fini veya yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in muhafaza sa\u011flayabilir. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme y\u00f6ntemi ile, kesme kapasitesi, kolonlar\u0131n, duvarlar\u0131n, d\u00f6\u015femelerin ve kiri\u015flerin s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanabilir ve b\u00f6ylece deprem ve dikey yer\u00e7ekimi yan y\u00fcklerine kar\u015f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasiteleri artar.<\/p>\n<h3>Germe veya \u00f6n gerilim<\/h3>\n<p>E\u011fme veya gerilme \u00f6ncesi teknikler, betonarme yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6n d\u00fczenlemesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan geleneksel g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme y\u00f6ntemlerinden biridir. \u00c7ekme hareketi, par\u00e7an\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesini derhal artt\u0131rmakta ve mevcut yap\u0131y\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmektedir.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00a0Perde Duvar<\/h3>\n<p>Takviye y\u00f6nteminde, perde duvar\u0131n\u0131n beton veya \u00e7elik yap\u0131lara sokulmas\u0131 yap\u0131 sertli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir ve yer\u00e7ekimi y\u00fck kapasitesinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ek olarak, deprem kaynakl\u0131 yanal y\u00fcklerin ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesini de artt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bir perde duvar ekleyerek bina iyile\u015ftirmenin avantajlar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Yap\u0131n\u0131n yanal kuvvetlere kar\u015f\u0131 mukavemetini art\u0131rmak<\/li>\n<li>Yap\u0131sal sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Rulman\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rma (yer\u00e7ekimi ve yanal)<\/li>\n<li>Ve &#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bir perde duvar ekleyerek binan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinin dezavantajlar\u0131<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Binalarda mimari k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Bina kilo al\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Beton perde duvarlar\u0131 genellikle karma\u015f\u0131k donat\u0131 detaylar\u0131na sahiptir<\/li>\n<li>Binan\u0131n sertli\u011fini gidermek<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>bilezik<\/h3>\n<p>Beton yap\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek, sertli\u011fi art\u0131rmak, s\u00fcneklik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak ve sistemin kayma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7elik takviye eklemek. Genel olarak, betonarme yap\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinde farkl\u0131 destek sistemlerinin (EBF) kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, geleneksel kiri\u015fin detaylar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 ve sunulmas\u0131 ile ilgili maliyet ve problemlerden dolay\u0131 pahal\u0131 de\u011fildir, ancak bu tip yap\u0131sal y\u00fckseltme ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli yak\u0131nsak destek sistemleri kullan\u0131labilir. Beton ve \u00e7elik dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_477383867\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-fiber-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme-CTech-LLC.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"640\" height=\"328\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-fiber-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme-CTech-LLC-640x328.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-fiber-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme-CTech-LLC-640x328.jpg 640w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-fiber-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme-CTech-LLC-1024x525.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-fiber-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme-CTech-LLC-270x138.jpg 270w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-fiber-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme-CTech-LLC.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_477383867 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Kullan\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftir<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c7evremizde kullan\u0131m duygusunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeniz gereken ba\u015fka bir bina kategorisi var. Binan\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklik, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ayn\u0131 durumda ev i\u00e7i \u00e7abalara dayanamayacak olan binadaki daha b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u00e7 in\u015faat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ve farkl\u0131 yer\u00e7ekimi ve yanal y\u00fckleme kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesine neden olacakt\u0131r. a. Bu nedenle, bina kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi uygulamadan \u00f6nce gerekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmak ve uygun bir donat\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131 sunmak gereklidir.<\/p>\n<h3>Binadaki Ar\u0131zalar<\/h3>\n<p>Binalarda <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/322266416_Turkiye'_deki_Depreme_Dayanikli_Yapilarin_Sismik_Izolasyon_Tiplerinin_Incelenmesi\">sismik bir rehabilitasyon<\/a> plan\u0131 sunmam\u0131z\u0131 gerektiren bir di\u011fer fakt\u00f6r, yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan hasard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c7elik binalardaki yayg\u0131n aksamalar:<\/li>\n<li>S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma elemanlar\u0131nda burkulma<\/li>\n<li>\u00dcyelerin oksidasyonu ve korozyonu<\/li>\n<li>Yorgunlu\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 komplikasyonlar<\/li>\n<li>Butiklerin kayb\u0131 ve oksidasyonu<\/li>\n<li>Ve &#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, beton binalarda s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Elementlerde T\u00fcrklerin Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Beton \u00f6rt\u00fc kayb\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Buckling Bas\u0131n\u00e7 Takviyesi<\/li>\n<li>Raylar\u0131n korozyonu ve oksidasyonu<\/li>\n<li>Betonda s\u00fcnme olaylar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumu<\/li>\n<li>Ve &#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Binalar\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00fcyelerin tasar\u0131mc\u0131 kendileri i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6revleri yerine getirememelerine neden olacak ve herhangi bir g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme ve y\u00fckseltme yapmadan bunlar\u0131 kullanmaya devam etmeleri risklere ve zararlara neden olabilir \u00c7ok fazla.<\/p>\n<h3>Malzemelerde zay\u0131fl\u0131k<\/h3>\n<p>Bir bina rehabilitasyon plan\u0131 sunmam\u0131z\u0131 gerektiren bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r, kullan\u0131lan malzemelerin zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7elik sistem ve fabrikalardaki zay\u0131fl\u0131klara, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.elsevier.com\/cement-and-concrete-composites\">\u00e7imento \u00fcretiminde<\/a> zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011fa, su \/ \u00e7imento oran\u0131na, vb. Atfedilebilen, binada kullan\u0131lan malzemelerin kalitesinin bir \u00e7ok fakt\u00f6re katk\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_2079067868\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Perde-duvarlar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"620\" height=\"620\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Perde-duvarlar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Perde-duvarlar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC.jpg 620w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Perde-duvarlar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-160x160.jpg 160w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Perde-duvarlar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-270x270.jpg 270w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Perde-duvarlar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_2079067868 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h3>\u00a0<\/h3>\n<h3>Beton Duvar Kepenkleri<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/applications\/structural-elements\/walls\/\">Duvarlar\u0131 takviye<\/a> y\u00f6ntemlerinden biri, beton panjur kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve binan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinde genellikle etkili olan beton veya duvar duvar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesidir. Bu y\u00f6ntemde, \u00f6nce bir in\u015faat demiri a\u011f\u0131 duvara do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilir ve daha sonra deklan\u015f\u00f6r cihaz\u0131 kullan\u0131larak beton \u00e7alkalamas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu beton kaplama, duvarda iyi bir tutarl\u0131l\u0131k yaratman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, levhan\u0131n i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyinin kuvvetini ve perforasyonunu da artt\u0131r\u0131r. Bu geleneksel g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme y\u00f6nteminin bir ba\u015fka avantaj\u0131, f\u0131r\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f beton ile duvar y\u00fczeyinde olu\u015fturulan in\u015faat demiri a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, betonarme bir tabaka gibi olmas\u0131 ve duvar\u0131n (beton duvar veya duvar duvar\u0131) depreme kar\u015f\u0131 sismik davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmesidir. .<\/p>\n<h3>\u00c7elik saclar kullan\u0131larak beton tavanlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/h3>\n<p>Yap\u0131sal kontrol ve beton zeminlerin ve <a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/applications\/structural-elements\/slabs\/\">tavanlar\u0131n sertli\u011fini<\/a>, direncini ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemlerinden biri, \u00e7elik plakalar\u0131n ve levhalar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu levhalar tavana uygun \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilmeli ve yeterli sismiklik ve sismik performans ve yeterli y\u00fck aktar\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in tavanlar ile har\u00e7 veya epoksi esasl\u0131 malzemeler i\u00e7eren levhalar doldurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00c7elik plakalarla kolonlar\u0131n ve beton kiri\u015flerin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c7elik profiller ve levhalar kullan\u0131larak kiri\u015fler ve beton kolonlar gibi beton bile\u015fenlerin muhafazas\u0131, beton yap\u0131lar\u0131n depremlere kar\u015f\u0131 mukavemetini ve takviyesini artt\u0131rman\u0131n etkili bir yoludur. <a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/\">Bu deprem g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme y\u00f6ntemi<\/a>, enine kesit boyutunu art\u0131rmayan boyutlar\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan daha \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr, ancak kesimi kontrol etmek i\u00e7in enine kesitin sertli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dayan\u0131ml\u0131 bile\u015fenlerle beton yap\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi i\u00e7in de \u00e7ok uygundur.<\/p>\n<h3>Kesme b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131 kullanarak kolonun kesme kapasitesinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00f6\u015femenin kolona do\u011frudan ba\u011flanmas\u0131nda, delik kesmeden kaynaklanan kayma gerilmesi \u00f6nemli bir gerilmedir. Delik kesme ile ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in daha y\u00fcksek kesme kapasitesi gerekiyorsa, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki y\u00f6ntemler s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n<h4>Yanal ve kesit s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131n<\/h4>\n<p>\u00d6zel ve re\u00e7ine kullanarak \u00e7elik makas k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 kolona ba\u011flay\u0131n<\/p>\n<p>Bu y\u00f6ntemde, kayma kapasitesi, d\u00fczenli montaj aral\u0131klar\u0131nda veya \u00e7elik c\u0131vatan\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kolonun (maksimum kesim) birle\u015fiminde geri \u00e7ekilen \u00e7elik kay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla artar.<\/p>\n<h3>Armat\u00fcrlerin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/h3>\n<p>Farkl\u0131 binalarda meydana gelen hasarlar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli depremler s\u0131ras\u0131nda inceleyerek, yap\u0131 derzlerinde \u00e7ok fazla hasar oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Tasar\u0131m ve uygulama zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve eklemlerin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na a\u015fina olmama eksikli\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle deprem gibi ileri geri hareket eden y\u00fckler uygulan\u0131rken, binaya onar\u0131lamaz bir zarar verir. Betonarme donat\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve \u00e7elik donat\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, bina iyile\u015ftirme i\u015fleminde karma\u015f\u0131k ad\u0131mlardan biridir.<\/p>\n<p>Donan\u0131m\u0131n, \u00e7er\u00e7eveleme sisteminin kullanarak binalarda g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi giderek daha fazla \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Bu binalardaki \u00e7apa, eklemlerin yerinde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, ana fakt\u00f6r yap\u0131n\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Beton yap\u0131larda donat\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7elik yap\u0131lara g\u00f6re g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, daha y\u00fcksek bir kesinlik katsay\u0131s\u0131 ile yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc<a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/strengthening-of-concrete-structures\"> beton yap\u0131larda<\/a> ba\u011flant\u0131 detaylar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyemiyoruz ve analiz edemiyoruz; \u00e7elik yap\u0131larda ise ba\u011flant\u0131 detaylar\u0131na kolayca eri\u015filebilir ve hatta test ediliyor. . \u00d6rne\u011fin, birle\u015ftirmeler kaynakl\u0131 \u00e7elik yap\u0131lar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kayna\u011f\u0131n kalitesi tahribats\u0131z testler (NDT&#8217;ler) yap\u0131larak yap\u0131labilir. Bu durumlarda, detaylar\u0131n kesin bilgisine ra\u011fmen, tasar\u0131m\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi daha kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kiri\u015fin, kemerli beton \u00e7er\u00e7evelerde, deprem pistonlu gerilmeler alt\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ba\u011flanmas\u0131, b\u00fck\u00fclme betonarme \u00e7er\u00e7evenin performans\u0131ndaki en kritik noktalardan biridir. Bu nedenle, ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn performans\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi ve bunun g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, genel sistem performans\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirecek ve t\u00fcm binay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecektir. <a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/strengthening-of-concrete-structures\">Ba\u011flant\u0131 performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak<\/a> ve depremlere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in bir veya bir kombinasyonu olarak farkl\u0131 kriterlere g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilen \u00e7e\u015fitli ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0Beton kaplama \u00e7elik rakorlarda epoksi re\u00e7ine enjeksiyonu<\/li>\n<li>X \u015feklindeki \u00f6nceden ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f yakalar\u0131 kullan\u0131n<\/li>\n<li>FRP kullanarak fitinglerin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/li>\n<li>Betonarme Armat\u00fcrlere \u00c7elik Ceket Takmak<\/li>\n<li>Betonarme donat\u0131larda \u00e7elik bir kafes in\u015fa edin<\/li>\n<li>\u00f6ngerilme ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Ek par\u00e7alarda somut bir ceket olu\u015fturun<\/li>\n<li>Betonarme ve \u00e7elik ceket kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Antik \u00e7a\u011flardan beri kullan\u0131lan ve halen \u00e7ok kullan\u0131mda olan bina yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan en yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntemlerden biri, kiri\u015f, s\u00fctun ve duvar gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli elemanlarda donat\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in beton ve \u00e7elik ceketlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. oldu\u011funu. Elemanlar\u0131n hasarl\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ve e\u011filme ve kayma donat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in daha fazla beton ve \u00e7elik ti\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fc kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Beton ve \u00c7elik Ti\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fc ile G\u00fc\u00e7lendirmenin Avantajlar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Elemanlar\u0131n kayma ve e\u011filme dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rma<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/\">Di\u011fer y\u00f6ntemler<\/a>e g\u00f6re daha ucuz y\u00f6ntem<\/li>\n<li>Her bina departman\u0131nda kullan\u0131m imkan\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Beton ve \u00c7elik Ti\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fc ile Donat\u0131lar\u0131n Dezavantajlar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Bu y\u00f6ntemin zamanlamas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle beton ceketlerin di\u011fer y\u00f6ntemlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7elik ceket kullanma y\u00f6nteminde yang\u0131n \u00f6nleyici kaplamalar kullanman\u0131z gerekir<\/li>\n<li>Elementlerin ve mimari mekanlar\u0131n boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Beton ve \u00e7elik perde duvarlar\u0131 ekleyin<\/h3>\n<p>Beton ve \u00e7elik perde duvarlar\u0131n as\u0131l g\u00f6revi binaya giren deprem kuvvetini t\u00fcketmektir. Bir perde duvar\u0131n\u0131n halihaz\u0131rda in\u015fa edilmekte olan yap\u0131larda kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nd\u0131r, ancak uzun s\u00fcredir in\u015fa edilmi\u015f yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu bu unsurdan yoksundur. Perde duvarlar\u0131, iki t\u00fcr \u00e7elikte ve betonda kullan\u0131l\u0131r; betondan farkl\u0131 olarak, \u00e7elik tipinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir boyutu yoktur ve yap\u0131y\u0131 mimari alanlardaki k\u0131s\u0131tlamaz.<\/p>\n<h3>Bir perde duvar ekleyerek bina iyile\u015ftirmenin avantajlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Yap\u0131n\u0131n yanal kuvvetlere kar\u015f\u0131 mukavemetini art\u0131rmak<\/li>\n<li>Yap\u0131sal sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Rulman\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rma (yer\u00e7ekimi ve yanal)<\/li>\n<li>Ve &#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1881348230\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Cathodic-protection-CTech-LLC.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"538\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Cathodic-protection-CTech-LLC.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Cathodic-protection-CTech-LLC.jpg 538w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Cathodic-protection-CTech-LLC-270x295.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_1881348230 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h3>\u00a0<\/h3>\n<h3>Bir perde duvar ekleyerek binan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinin dezavantajlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Binalarda mimari k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Bina kilo al\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Beton perde duvarlar\u0131 genellikle karma\u015f\u0131k donat\u0131 detaylar\u0131na sahiptir<\/li>\n<li>Binan\u0131n sertli\u011fini gidermek<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u00dcyeler aras\u0131ndaki kesimlerin kesilmesi i\u00e7in takviye<\/h2>\n<p>Hareketli y\u00fck diki\u015f i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011finde, levhalar veya di\u011fer yap\u0131sal elemanlar aras\u0131nda uygun transfer \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bir diki\u015fin d\u00f6\u015femeyi bir taraftan di\u011fer tarafa ta\u015f\u0131ma kabiliyeti, d\u00f6\u015feme performans\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Uygunsuz transfer a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri i\u00e7erecektir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bir\u00e7ok deformasyon, topra\u011f\u0131n levha alt\u0131na pompalanmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/li>\n<li>Altta yatan levhan\u0131n kayb\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>ABD Yenileme \u015eirketi, kesim i\u00e7in yeniden konumland\u0131rmak ve dengelemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131r:<\/li>\n<li>Kesme \u00e7ubu\u011fu<\/li>\n<li>Delikler olu\u015fturarak ge\u00e7i\u015f kesme<\/li>\n<li>Kesme \u00e7ubuklu oluklu oluk<\/li>\n<li>Kesme bariyerleri aras\u0131nda bir tanedir<\/li>\n<li>Mente\u015feli plaka<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f6\u015feme alt\u0131nda kaplama ve oluk a\u00e7ma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Beton elemanlara <a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/products\/resins-and-coatings\/injection-epoxy-resin\/\">epoksi enjeksiyonu<\/a><\/h2>\n<p>Tasarlanan kriterlere g\u00f6re tasarlanmam\u0131\u015f \u00fcyelerin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemlerden biri veya yap\u0131lan testlerin ve somut testlerin g\u00fcc\u00fcnde zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131n olmas\u0131, bunlara epoksi paketlenmesi ve enjekte edilmesidir.<\/p>\n<p>Epoksi re\u00e7inesi, belirli oranlarda birle\u015ftirilmesi gereken iki re\u00e7ine ve sertle\u015ftirici bile\u015fenine (sertle\u015ftirme maddesi) sahip kimyasal bir maddedir.<\/p>\n<p>Epoksi re\u00e7ine enjeksiyonu ile g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme prosed\u00fcr\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Onar\u0131m ve iyile\u015ftirme gerektiren yeri belirleme<\/li>\n<li>delme<\/li>\n<li>Nipel ve Paketleyiciyi Takma<\/li>\n<li>FRP fiberlerini takma<\/li>\n<li>Epoksi re\u00e7ine enjeksiyon i\u015flemleri<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>G\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi gereken yerel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, betonun test edilmesi ve test edilmesi ve bazen numunenin numunesi tespit edilerek tespit edilir. Sonradan takma i\u015fleminin nerede ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fini belirledikten sonra, istenen yer 10 ila 30 cm aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki deliktir. Delikler genellikle 30 ila 60 cm \u00e7ap\u0131nda ve 10 ila 30 mm \u00e7ap\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Delik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonra, herhangi bir toz veya ba\u015fka at\u0131k olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in pompa taraf\u0131ndan deliklerde iyice ve do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde temizlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonra, meme u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nme noktalar\u0131 macun taraf\u0131ndan istenen y\u00fczeye tutturulur. Meme ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l tak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, meme ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131ndaki deli\u011fin kolonun s\u00fctunlar\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan deli\u011fe uygun olacak \u015fekildedir. Meme operasyonunun tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonra, meme deliklerinin i\u00e7ine toz girmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in bir vida (gres burun) ve ayr\u0131ca bir sonraki a\u015famada lifleri e\u015fyan\u0131n y\u00fczeyine yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir epoksi re\u00e7inesi kullan\u0131larak t\u0131kan\u0131r. Yorum deliklere girmemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu i\u015flemden sonra kurumas\u0131na izin verilmelidir, ve sonra FRP kullanarak, bile\u015feni istenen konuma \u00e7eviririz. Elyaf <a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/products\/resins-coatings\/\">re\u00e7ine<\/a> kullan\u0131larak istenen elemana yap\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Re\u00e7ine kuruduktan ve elyaflar\u0131n mukavemetine ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, enjeksiyonun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilme zaman\u0131 gelmi\u015ftir. Enjeksiyon i\u015flemi, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kulplar\u0131n i\u00e7ine <a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/products\/resins-and-coatings\/epoxy-adhesive\/\">epoksi re\u00e7inesi<\/a> gibi malzemelerin enjeksiyonu i\u00e7in \u00f6zel pompalar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, direnci artt\u0131rmas\u0131 ve betonun \u00e7atlamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemesidir. ACI 503&#8217;e g\u00f6re re\u00e7inenin bir enjeksiyon pompas\u0131 ve 20 ile 30 kez aras\u0131nda bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 kullanarak enjeksiyon prosed\u00fcr\u00fc, mevcut olan en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck delikten ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r ve enjekte edildi\u011finde, enjeksiyon malzemesi bir sonraki delikten enjeksiyon yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda enjeksiyon yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 not ederiz. Mideyi durdurun ve bir sonraki deliklerden i\u015fleme devam edin.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_361421452\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/\u0130ncensiyon-CTech-LLC-1280x960.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/\u0130ncensiyon-CTech-LLC-640x480.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/\u0130ncensiyon-CTech-LLC-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/\u0130ncensiyon-CTech-LLC-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/\u0130ncensiyon-CTech-LLC-1280x960.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/\u0130ncensiyon-CTech-LLC-270x203.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_361421452 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h3>\u00a0<\/h3>\n<h3>Yani uzama ve \u00f6n gerilim<\/h3>\n<p>Somut yap\u0131lar\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik y\u00f6ntemlerden biri, bir uzama sonras\u0131 sistemin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 veya \u00f6n gerilimin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6n gerilme kavram\u0131, eleman\u0131n kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca dayanmas\u0131 gereken y\u00fckleri uygulamadan \u00f6nce bariyer eleman\u0131na gerginlik sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Genel olarak, bir binan\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 elemanlar \u00f6l\u00fc ve ya\u015fayan \u00e7ak\u0131l y\u00fckleri ile deprem ve r\u00fczgar gibi yanal y\u00fcklerdir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6ngerilme y\u00f6nteminde, ilk olarak, \u00f6zel \u00f6ngerilmeli kablolarla, \u00f6l\u00fc ve hareketli y\u00fcklerin y\u00fck eleman\u0131na uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n, bu ilk gerilimleri tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f eleman olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerginlikler yarat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bildi\u011fimiz gibi, tek ba\u015f\u0131na beton gerilme stresine dayanamaz ve \u00e7ok yak\u0131nda \u00e7atlar. Bu nedenle, beton kiri\u015fler betonun \u00e7atlamas\u0131ndan sonra, gerilme b\u00f6lgesinin gerilme kuvvetlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan g\u00f6revi \u00fcstlendi\u011fi betonda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kablo gibi \u00f6n gerdirme elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131, betonun gerilme b\u00f6lgesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir ve yap\u0131 y\u00fcklerini uygularken, ilk gerilmeleri n\u00f6tralize etmek ve gerilmeyi engellemek i\u00e7in gerilme gerilmeleri olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan kablolara bir s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kuvveti uygulan\u0131r. \u00c7ekme alan\u0131 yok.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00d6ngerilme metodu ile g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme avantajlar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Betonun dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131n<\/li>\n<li>Betonarme yap\u0131larda \u00e7atlama etkilerinin en aza indirilmesi<\/li>\n<li>Daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131n<\/li>\n<li>Mimaride esneklik<\/li>\n<li>Ve &#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Gerilim \u00f6ncesi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme dezavantajlar\u0131<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c7ok y\u00fcksek hassasiyete ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z var<\/li>\n<li>Uzman ve kalifiye personel ihtiyac\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6zel ekipman ve makine ihtiyac\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Daha karma\u015f\u0131k olacak \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/li>\n<li>Armat\u00fcrlerin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Farkl\u0131 binalarda meydana gelen hasarlar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli depremler s\u0131ras\u0131nda inceleyerek, yap\u0131 derzlerinde \u00e7ok fazla hasar oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Tasar\u0131m ve uygulama zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve eklemlerin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na a\u015fina olmama eksikli\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle deprem gibi ileri geri hareket eden y\u00fckler uygulan\u0131rken, binaya onar\u0131lamaz bir zarar verir. Betonarme donat\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve \u00e7elik donat\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, bina iyile\u015ftirme i\u015fleminde karma\u015f\u0131k ad\u0131mlardan biridir.<\/p>\n<p>Donan\u0131m\u0131n, \u00e7er\u00e7eveleme sisteminin kullanarak binalarda g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi giderek daha fazla \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Bu binalardaki \u00e7apa, eklemlerin yerinde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, ana fakt\u00f6r yap\u0131n\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Beton yap\u0131larda donat\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7elik yap\u0131lara g\u00f6re g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, daha y\u00fcksek bir kesinlik katsay\u0131s\u0131 ile yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc beton yap\u0131larda ba\u011flant\u0131 detaylar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyemiyoruz ve analiz edemiyoruz; \u00e7elik yap\u0131larda ise ba\u011flant\u0131 detaylar\u0131na kolayca eri\u015filebilir ve hatta test ediliyor. . \u00d6rne\u011fin, birle\u015ftirmeler kaynakl\u0131 \u00e7elik yap\u0131lar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kayna\u011f\u0131n kalitesi tahribats\u0131z testler (NDT&#8217;ler) yap\u0131larak yap\u0131labilir. Bu durumlarda, detaylar\u0131n kesin bilgisine ra\u011fmen, tasar\u0131m\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi daha kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00c7elik yap\u0131larda donat\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitleri<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c7elik yap\u0131larda fitinglerin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde yap\u0131labilir. Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinde \u00f6nemli bir nokta, ba\u011flant\u0131daki temel zay\u0131f noktalar\u0131 bulmakt\u0131r. \u00c7elik yap\u0131lardaki ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131ndaki zay\u0131fl\u0131k t\u00fcrleri \u015funlard\u0131r: kav\u015faktaki kiri\u015flerin ar\u0131zas\u0131, kav\u015faktaki kolonlar\u0131n ar\u0131zas\u0131, kav\u015fak levhas\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131zas\u0131 ve &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131ndaki ar\u0131zalara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7elik yap\u0131larda g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fular ve \u00e7ift kanat kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Lechka kullan\u0131n<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6n gerilmeli ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/li>\n<li>Ve &#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Beton yap\u0131larda g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme y\u00f6ntemlerinin \u00e7e\u015fitleri<\/h3>\n<p>Daha \u00f6nce belirtildi\u011fi gibi, ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7elik yap\u0131larla ilgili beton yap\u0131lara uyarlanmas\u0131, kav\u015faktaki takviye ve &#8230; g\u00f6zlenemeyen detaylar\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri nedeniyle yap\u0131labilece\u011finden daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p>Betonarme yap\u0131lar\u0131n donan\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki zay\u0131fl\u0131k tipleri \u015funlard\u0131r: kayma yetersizli\u011fi, uzunlamas\u0131na \u00e7ubuk ve kolonlar\u0131n burkulmas\u0131, pozitif ve negatif a\u011flar\u0131n eksikli\u011fi ve &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Ar\u0131zalara ve betonarme donat\u0131lar\u0131n zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak,<a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/strengthening-of-concrete-structures\"> beton yap\u0131larda<\/a> donat\u0131y\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Beton kaplama kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Kaplamal\u0131 \u00e7elik kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00a0Beton duvar panjur<\/h3>\n<p>Duvarlardaki p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme beton veya beton p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme, bina iyile\u015ftirme i\u00e7in etkili y\u00f6ntemlerden biridir. Beton ve duvar yap\u0131lar\u0131nda en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan bu y\u00f6ntem, bina iyile\u015ftirme \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck etkiye sahiptir. P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme beton veya beton p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme, bu \u015fekilde, in\u015faat demiri a\u011f\u0131 ilk olarak i\u015fletilen bir duvara yerle\u015ftirildi\u011finde ve in\u015faat demiri yerle\u015ftirilip s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, bir \u00e7alkalama makinesi (beton spreyi) kullan\u0131larak beton \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. .<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_963928764\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Make-walls-stronger-with-CFRP-CTech-LLC.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"500\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Make-walls-stronger-with-CFRP-CTech-LLC.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Make-walls-stronger-with-CFRP-CTech-LLC.jpg 500w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Make-walls-stronger-with-CFRP-CTech-LLC-270x360.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_963928764 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Binan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinde bu y\u00f6ntemi kullanman\u0131n avantajlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Duvarlarda tutarl\u0131l\u0131k yaratmak<\/li>\n<li>Duvar direncini artt\u0131r\u0131n<\/li>\n<li>Artan duvar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Duvarlar\u0131n sismik performans\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirin<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7elik levha kullanarak takviye<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/building-strengthening\">Binalar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinin<\/a> yayg\u0131n yollar\u0131ndan biri, beton elemanlar\u0131n diren\u00e7 veya yetkisiz bomlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu alanlarda \u00e7elik saclar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Genel olarak, \u00e7elik plakalar ve levhalar kiri\u015fleri, kolonlar\u0131 ve beton tavanlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemin uygulanmas\u0131, \u00e7elik sac\u0131n istenen elemana yeterince s\u0131k\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve par\u00e7an\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcnde uygun fonksiyona sahip olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hassasiyetle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n<h4>\u00c7elik levhalarla takviye avantajlar\u0131<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Elementlerin boyutlar\u0131nda ve mimari k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n yoklu\u011funda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yok<\/li>\n<li>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck mukavemetli betonu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in uygun<\/li>\n<li>Di\u011fer bina g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme y\u00f6ntemleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha basit uygulama<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Binay\u0131 modern y\u00f6ntemlerle g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek<\/h2>\n<h3>FRP ile binan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/h3>\n<p>FRP (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/chemistry\/polymer+science\/journal\/12221\">Takviyeli Polimer Elyaf)<\/a> Polimer elyaf son y\u0131llarda bir\u00e7ok end\u00fcstride kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu malzemeler, FRP lifleri ve matrisi i\u00e7eren (malzemeye dahil) iki bile\u015fenden olu\u015fur. Elyaf\u0131n ana g\u00f6revi, y\u00fcke dayanmakt\u0131r, matrisler ise ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6revi yoktur ve as\u0131l g\u00f6revi elyaflar\u0131 bir arada tutmak ve elyaflar\u0131n hareket etmesini ve bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemektir. Matrislerin di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli i\u015flevi, liflerin \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlere kar\u015f\u0131 korozyona u\u011framas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemektir.<\/p>\n<p>Laminatlar\u0131n FRP&#8217;ye eklenmesi, birka\u00e7 kat fiber tabakas\u0131n\u0131n birbirinin \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirilmesi ve yerle\u015ftirilmesi ve epoksi re\u00e7inesi kullan\u0131larak bir araya getirilmesi ve bunlar\u0131n bir araya getirilmesidir. Lifler genel olarak kuma\u015f benzeri malzemelerdir, bunlarda kullan\u0131lan lifler bir veya iki y\u00f6ndedir. Fiber hacminin daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu herhangi bir y\u00f6nde, fiberin g\u00fcc\u00fc de daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olacakt\u0131r. Genel olarak, tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc lifler, bu y\u00f6ndeki daha y\u00fcksek lif yo\u011funlu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, belirli bir y\u00f6ndeki iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc liflere kar\u015f\u0131 daha diren\u00e7lidir.<\/p>\n<h3>Bina yenilenmesinde FRP kullanman\u0131n avantajlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k<\/li>\n<li>Rehabilitasyon s\u00fcrecinin uzunlu\u011fu<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fcksek \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7evresel ko\u015fullara duyars\u0131zl\u0131k<\/li>\n<li>Darbe dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Ekonomik olmak<\/li>\n<li>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kal\u0131nl\u0131k<\/li>\n<li>Ve &#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>FRP&#8217;nin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n dezavantajlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Yorulma direnci eksikli\u011fi<\/li>\n<li>giymek Duyarl\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Ezilme olgusu yaratma<\/li>\n<li>Ba\u011f\u0131l yang\u0131n ve yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>FRP elyaflar\u0131, en \u00f6nemlisi, birka\u00e7 kategoriye ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wikitech\/carbon-fiber\">Karbon fiber (karbon fiber) CFRP<\/a><\/li>\n<li>GFRP cam elyaf\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Elyaf FRP &#8211; Elyaf Beton<\/li>\n<li>Aramid lifi AFRP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Her bir karbon fiber ve cam grubu iki kategoriye ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc karbon elyaf<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ki y\u00f6nl\u00fc karbon elyaf<\/li>\n<li>Tek Tarafl\u0131 Cam Elyaf<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ki y\u00f6nl\u00fc cam elyaf\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>FRP lifleri ayr\u0131ca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri i\u00e7eren di\u011fer \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>FRP Laminat<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/applications\/structural-elements\/structural-connections\/\">FRP ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7alar<\/a>\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Ba\u015fak ve Anker FRP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u015eimdi \u00e7e\u015fitli FRP kompozitlerini tan\u0131tt\u0131k ve onlara a\u015finay\u0131z, bu a\u015famada, her birinin farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerini k\u0131saca g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeyi planl\u0131yoruz, sonra bunlar\u0131 binaya uyarlamak i\u00e7in kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h2>Karbon fiber CFRP<\/h2>\n<p>Ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, ana bile\u015fenleri <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karbon\">karbon<\/a>, bu t\u00fcr FRP kompozitler, b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 karbon olan organik maddenin \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131ndan elde edilir, karbon lifi siyah, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olmayan Suda ve kokusuz, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahiptirler. Hem tek tarafl\u0131 hem de \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc karbon fiberler, binalar\u0131n yenilenmesinde ve yenilenmesinde bir\u00e7ok uygulamaya sahiptir.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_278860188\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-fiber-uygulama-CTech-LLC-1.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"640\" height=\"853\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-fiber-uygulama-CTech-LLC-1-640x853.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-fiber-uygulama-CTech-LLC-1-640x853.jpg 640w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-fiber-uygulama-CTech-LLC-1-270x360.jpg 270w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Karbon-fiber-uygulama-CTech-LLC-1.jpg 918w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_278860188 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Karbon fiberin en \u00f6nemli avantaj\u0131, bu fiberlerin y\u00fcksek \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/h3>\n<p>Y\u00fcksek \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131mlar\u0131na ek olarak, karbon fiberler veya CFRP&#8217;ler, s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finde ortam\u0131n en az deformasyona sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131lar\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n<h2>GFRP cam elyaf\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00e7ekirdek malzemesi camd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/products\/composite-systems\/gfrp-wrap\/\">Cam elyaflar\u0131<\/a> veya ayn\u0131 GFRP&#8217;ler, g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme yapmak i\u00e7in en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan FRP elyaf kategorisidir. Bunun nedeni, bu lifin di\u011fer FRP liflerinden daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>GFRP cam elyaf\u0131n\u0131n avantajlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fcksek \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Fiyat di\u011fer elyaflardan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/li>\n<li>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131s\u0131l genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Ve &#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>GFRP Cam Elyaf\u0131n\u0131n Dezavantajlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>CFRP karbon elyaf\u0131ndan daha az \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131r\u0131lgan ve net<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131rp\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Elyaf FRP &#8211; Elyaf Beton<\/li>\n<li>Ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, elyaflar \u00e7e\u015fitli tiplerde karbon elyaf, sunta, b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve polipropilen (PP) elyaf i\u00e7eren elyaflard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu tip liflerin as\u0131l kullan\u0131m\u0131 lif betonu \u00fcretimidir. Beton beton, ince agregalar ve kaba agregalar, \u00e7imento, su vb. Gibi betonun ana yap\u0131 malzemelerine ek olarak, toplam beton hacminde kabaca da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f elyaf ve par\u00e7alara sahip oldu\u011fu betondur. Ulusal y\u00f6netmeliklerin 9. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re, elyaf betonu i\u00e7indeki elyaflar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131, betonun enerji emme kapasitesini art\u0131rarak, darbeye kar\u015f\u0131 direnci, \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, e\u011filme ve kesme dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve yorulmay\u0131 art\u0131ran \u00e7atlak kontrol\u00fc rol\u00fcne sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p>Lifin lif betonundaki etkisi, kullan\u0131lan lifin t\u00fcr\u00fcne ve miktar\u0131na, \u015fekline, gerilme kuvvetine vb. Ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP laminat<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/products\/composite-systems\/unidirectional-carbon-laminate\">Laminatlar<\/a> ve FRP tabakalar\u0131, birka\u00e7 milimetre kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa sahip ince tabakalard\u0131r. Bu FRP kompozit \u00fcr\u00fcn yelpazesi, hem \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc hem de tek etkili etkilidir. FRP laminatlar\u0131n betonarme yap\u0131lar\u0131n ve yap\u0131lar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle prefabrik beton ve prefabrik beton ve retrofit borular\u0131n, tanklar\u0131n ve karbonlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme ve ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinde ve artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda en belirgin ve en \u00f6nemli uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>FRP linyitinin do\u011fas\u0131, uygulamas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, y\u00fcksek \u00e7ekme mukavemeti nedeniyle daha fazla karbon kullan\u0131labilen karbon, cam ve aramid plakalar olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>FRP laminasyon, epoksi re\u00e7inesine epoksi re\u00e7inesi ile sabitlenir.<\/p>\n<h2>FRP ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>En \u00f6nemli sorunlardan biri, betonarme binalarda \u00e7elik \u00e7ubu\u011fun bu in\u015faat demiri korozyona u\u011framas\u0131d\u0131r. Betonun \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu ve \u00e7eli\u011fin \u00e7ekme kuvvetlerine dayan\u0131m\u0131 ve direnci oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00e7ubuklar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 durumunda, elemanlar\u0131n ve beton elemanlar\u0131n \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 neredeyse ortadan kalkar ve en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ekme kuvveti veya \u00e7apa ile birlikte Kesitin b\u00fck\u00fclmesi \u00e7atlam\u0131\u015f ve nihayetinde y\u0131rt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bir ba\u015fka FRP kompozit \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, daha y\u00fcksek gerilme mukavemeti, elastikiyet mod\u00fcl\u00fc ve geleneksel \u00e7elik \u00e7ubuklara k\u0131yasla daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetleri olan FRP ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. Gerilme-gerinim e\u011frileri Bu FRP kompozit \u00e7izgisi do\u011frusald\u0131r ve k\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 gevrekle\u015fir. FRP \u00e7ubuklar\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131f y\u00f6nlerinden biri at\u00f6lyede i\u015fleri zorla\u015ft\u0131rarak kesmek ve b\u00fckmektir.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1381722486\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-1-1280x850.jpg\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img width=\"640\" height=\"425\" src=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-1-640x425.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-1-640x425.jpg 640w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-1-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-1-1280x850.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-1-270x179.jpg 270w, https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Beton-ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n-g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi-CTech-LLC-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style scope=\"scope\">\n\n#image_1381722486 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>FRP Par\u00e7alar\u0131 Di\u011fer <a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/products\/composite-systems\/\">FRP Kompozit<\/a> \u00dcr\u00fcnlerine benzer \u015fekilde, malzeme t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 kategoriye ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>FRP karbon fiber in\u015faat demiri<\/li>\n<li>Cam elyaf takviyeli<\/li>\n<li>FRP ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 aramiddir<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mevcut binalar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, FRP in\u015faat demiri de yeni binalar in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Bu malzemeler, \u00f6zellikleri ile, in\u015faat demiri b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde \u00e7ap ve yo\u011funlu\u011funu azalt\u0131r. Yap\u0131daki elektrik iletkenli\u011fi bir tehlike olarak kabul edilebilir. Metal malzemelerdeki elektriksel iletkenlik tehlikelidir ve hasara neden olabilir. Metal malzemelerin aksine, FRP kompozit malzemeleri elektriksel olarak iletken de\u011fildir; bu da onlar\u0131 elektriksel alana maruz kalan yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in ideal bir se\u00e7enek haline getirir.<\/p>\n<h2>Spike ve Anker FRP<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c7ok say\u0131da ara\u015ft\u0131rma betonarme elemanlar\u0131n, beton elemanlar\u0131n kayma, b\u00fck\u00fclme, \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in beton y\u00fczeyindeki bir d\u0131\u015f oluk formunda cam elyaf veya karbon levhalarla ve tabakalarla kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in uygun oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu makaleler, FRP&#8217;li bir refrakter eleman\u0131n, takviyeli olmayan bir elemandan \u00e7ok daha fazla ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesine sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bununla birlikte, beton ve FRP liflerinin birle\u015fme y\u00fczeyindeki y\u00fcksek y\u00fczey ve gerilme kesimi nedeniyle, beton yap\u0131lar\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi projelerinde, ay\u0131rma nedeniyle, tabaka ucunun ayr\u0131lmas\u0131, beton kaplamalar\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli ar\u0131za modlar\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.elsevier.com\/polymer-contents\">FRP polimer malzemeleri<\/a> kullan\u0131larak, b\u00fck\u00fclme, kayma ve eksenel kuvvet, kiri\u015fler, kolonlar ve d\u00f6\u015femeler gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli elemanlarla g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilebilir ve geli\u015ftirilebilir. Bu amplifikasyonun miktar\u0131, liflerin nihai gerilme oran\u0131ndan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gerilmelerde meydana gelen y\u00fczeyden ay\u0131rma parametresine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fczeyden ayr\u0131lma, y\u00fczey haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n FRP&#8217;nin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve genel kuvvetini etkileyen \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu t\u00fcr bir ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k \u00e7o\u011funlukla yataktaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<p>Tek tarafl\u0131 ve \u00e7ift tarafl\u0131 kodlama kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f y\u00fczey ve FRP performans\u0131 ile aralar\u0131ndaki ba\u011flanma ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren FRP&#8217;lerin y\u00fczeyinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 geciktirmek i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmak i\u00e7in. FRP plakalar\u0131n\u0131n kayma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131, FRP taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekli ve say\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilenir. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve deneyler, uzunlamas\u0131na y\u00f6nel \u00e7apalar\u0131n enlemesine do\u011frultuda a\u00e7\u0131lar \u00fczerinde maksimum bir gerilme yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Ankrajlar, aralar\u0131nda cam karbon kabarc\u0131klar\u0131 ve cam zarflar\u0131n di\u011fer ink\u00e2rc\u0131lardan daha fazla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli bile\u015fenlere sahiptir.<\/p>\n<h3>Anchor Kurulum y\u00f6ntemi<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/products\/composite-systems\/frp-spike-anchor\/\">Ankraj kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve hesaplanmas\u0131 m\u00fchendisler taraf\u0131ndan ve y\u00f6netmeliklere uygun olarak yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7apalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00e7apa \u00e7ap\u0131yla yakla\u015f\u0131k ayn\u0131 boyutta \u00e7apta delikler olu\u015ftururlar ve bu delikler genellikle y\u00fczeyi herhangi bir malzemeden ve tozdan korumak i\u00e7in r\u00fczgarla temizlenir. Daha sonra, re\u00e7ineler veya ba\u015fka tip yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar kullan\u0131larak, ankrajlar\u0131n FRP tabakalar\u0131na ve istenen y\u00fczeylere ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n<h3>Spike ve Anchor Carbon&#8217;un \u00d6zellikleri:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Hafif<\/li>\n<li>Elektrik enerjisine dayan\u0131kl\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Uzun s\u00fcreli s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc s\u00fcresi<\/li>\n<li>Kolay kurulum ve uygulama<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fcksek mekanik ve kimyasal dayan\u0131m<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fcksek ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda uygun diren\u00e7<\/li>\n<li>Kendi kendini temizleme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir<\/li>\n<li>M\u00fckemmel dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k<\/li>\n<li>Ve &#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"display: none;\"\n    class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-valign-bottom kksr-align-right kksr-disabled\"\n    data-id=\"3831\"\n    data-slug=\"\">\n    <div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    <div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: px; height: px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <div class=\"kksr-legend\">\n            <strong class=\"kksr-score\">5<\/strong>\n        <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\/<\/span>\n        <strong>5<\/strong>\n        <span class=\"kksr-muted\">(<\/span>\n        <strong class=\"kksr-count\">13<\/strong>\n        <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\n            votes        <\/span>\n        <span class=\"kksr-muted\">)<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Modern g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme y\u00f6ntemleri G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, binalar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve end\u00fcstriyel, petrol, gaz, deniz yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n onar\u0131m\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi i\u00e7in uygun bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmak &#8230; Mevcut yap\u0131lar\u0131n yeni yap\u0131larla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi s\u0131k s\u0131k ekonomik olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir, ayn\u0131 zamanda faaliyetlerin durdurulmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Hayati yap\u0131lar olarak kabul edilmeyen bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahiptir. Yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde yeniden yap\u0131lanma [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5123,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[58],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3831"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3831"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3831\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5253,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3831\/revisions\/5253"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5123"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctech-llc.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}